CTSO-C151d 地形感知与告警系统

日期：2023 年 6 月 12 日

局长授权批准：

中国民用航空技术标准规定

本技术标准规定根据中国民用航空规章《民用航空材料、零部件和机载设备技术标准规定》（CCAR37）颁发。中国民用航空技术标准规定是对用于民用航空器上的某些航空材料、零部件和机载设备接受适航审查时，必须遵守的准则。

地形感知与告警系统

1. 目的

本技术标准规定（CTSO）适用于为地形感知与告警系统（TAWS）申请技术标准规定项目批准书（CTSOA）的制造商。本CTSO规定了地形感知与告警系统（TAWS）为获得批准和使用适用的CTSO标记进行标识所必须满足的最低性能标准。

2. 适用范围

本CTSO适用于自其生效之日起提交的申请。

a. 自本CTSO生效之日起，欲获得地形感知与告警系统技术标准规定项目批准书的申请人应按照本CTSO提交申请。但如果自本CTSO生效之日起24个月内，申请人能够向局方表明一直按照CTSO-C151b的最低性能标准进行研制，可以按CTSO-C151b提交申请。

b. 自本CTSO生效之日起，按以前版本CTSO获得CTSOA的设备可以按批准时的规定继续制造。

3. 要求

在本 CTSO 生效之日或生效之后制造并欲使用本 CTSO 标记进行标识的地形感知与告警系统（TAWS），应满足 RTCA/DO-367《地形感知与告警系统

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CAAC CTSO－C151d

航空设备的最低运行性能标准》（2017 年 5 月 31 日）第二章的要求。A 类、 B 类、C 类设备的需求分别在 2.2.1 小节、2.2.2 小节、2.2.3 小节中详述。这类设备仅适用于固定翼飞机。

a. 功能

该 CTSO 标准适用于能为机组人员提供语音和视觉告警的设备，通过增加地形感知以减少可控飞行撞地（CFIT）事件的危险。A 类系统包含地形显示，旨在为机组人员提供飞机接近地形的感知能力。

b. 失效状态分类

（1） 对于 A 类和 B 类系统，在段落 3.a 中规定的由于 TAWS 计算机故障导致错误的地形告警、未通告的功能丧失或报告误导信息导致的功能失效是重大的失效状态。

（2） 对于 C 类系统，在段落 3.a 中规定的由于 TAWS 计算机故障导致错误的地形告警、未通告的功能丧失或报告误导信息导致的功能失效是轻微的失效状态。

（3） 在段落 3.a 中规定的功能丧失是轻微的失效状态。

（4） 设计的系统至少应按上述失效状态分类。

c. 功能鉴定

应按 RTCA/DO-367 中 2.4 节规定的测试条件验证所要求的功能性能。A类、B 类、C 类设备的测试步骤分别在 2.4.10 小节、2.4.11 小节、2.4.12 小节中说明。

d. 环境鉴定

应按 RTCA/DO-367 第2.3 节中试验条件，采用该设备适用的标准环境条件和试验程序，证明设备性能满足要求。申请人也可采用 RTCA/DO- 160G 以外的其他适用于地形感知与告警系统的标准环境条件和试验程序。

注：通常情况下，RTCA/DO-160D（包括 Change 1 和 Change 2，不包括 Change 3）或早期版本不再适用，如果使用该版本则需按照本 CTSO 第

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3.g 节中的偏离要求进行证明。

e. 软件鉴定

如果设备包含软件，则软件应按照 RTCA/DO- 178C《机载系统和设备合格审定中的软件考虑》（2011年 12 月 13 日）或其最新版本进行软件研制，包含参考的补充文件（如适用）。软件的研制保证等级应至少与本 CTSO 第 3.b节定义的失效状态类别一致。如采用 RTCA/DO- 178B（1992 年 12 月 1 日）作为软件开发的符合性方法，则需与局方沟通确认，局方有权要求申请人在满足 RTCA/DO- 178B 的同时还需要满足其它额外要求。

f. 电子硬件鉴定

如果设备中包含复杂电子硬件，应按照 RTCA/DO-254《机载电子硬件设计保证指南》（2000 年 4 月 19 日）的要求进行研制。硬件的设计保证等级应与本 CTSO 第 3.b 节规定的失效状态类别一致。对于确定为简单的机载电子硬件，可按 RTCA/DO-254 第 1.6 节的要求处理。

g. 偏离

如果采用替代或等效的符合性方法来满足本CTSO 规定的最低性能标准，则申请人必须表明设备保持了等效的安全水平。申请人应按照 CCAR-21-R4第 21.368 条（一）要求申请偏离。

4. 标记

a. 至少应为一个主要部件设置永久清晰的标记，标记应包括 CCAR-21-R4第 21.423 条（二）款规定的所有信息。

b. 如果设备中包含软件和/或机载电子硬件，则件号必须能够表明软件和硬件的构型。在设备部件编号规则中可对软件、硬件和机载电子硬件采用独立的、唯一的件号，或可为软件、硬件和机载电子硬件各划分一个单独的区域。

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c. 可以使用电子标记标识软件和机载电子硬件，此标记可通过软件写入硬件部件内部，而不用将其标识在设备铭牌中。如果使用电子标记，则其必须容易读取，无需使用特殊工具或设备。

5. 申请资料要求

申请人必须向负责该项目审查的人员提交相关技术资料以支持设计和生产批准。提交资料包括 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.353 条（一）款 1 项规定的符合性声明和以下资料副本。

a. 手册包括以下：

（1） 运行说明和设备限制，该内容应对设备运行能力进行充分描述。如果 TAWS 依靠 GNSS，那么运行说明必须包括 GNSS 数据丧失对 TAWS 功能影响的信息。此外该说明还需包括更新地形数据库的过程。

（2） 对偏离的具体描述。

（3） 安装程序和限制。必须确保按照此安装程序安装设备后，设备仍符合本 CTSO 的要求。限制必须确定任何特殊的安装要求，还必须以注释的方式包含以下声明：

“本设备满足 CTSO-C151d 最低性能标准。如欲安装此设备，必须获得单独的安装批准。”

（4） 对于所有软件和机载电子硬件构型，包括如下内容：

（i） 软件件号，包括版本和设计保证等级。

（ii） 机载电子硬件件号，包括版本和设计保证等级。

（iii） 功能描述。

（5） 设备中每个部件进行环境鉴定的试验条件总结。例如，可采用RTCA/DO- 160G《机载设备环境条件和试验程序》附录 A 的表格方式描述。

（6） 原理图、布线图以及 TAWS 安装所必需的其他文件。

（7） 设备的可更换部件清单（注明件号）。如适用，包括对供应商件号的交叉索引。

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b. 持续适航文件，包含设备周期性维护、校准及修理要求，以保证 TAWS的持续适航性。如适用，应包括建议的检查间隔和使用寿命。

c. 如果设备包含软件，则还应提供：软件合格审定计划（PSAC）、软件构型索引和软件完成总结。

d. 如果设备包含简单的或复杂电子硬件，则还应提供：硬件合格审定计划（PHAC）、硬件验证计划、顶层图（或硬件构型索引，如适用）和硬件完成总结（或相似文件，如适用）。

e. 铭牌图纸，规定设备如何标识本 CTSO 中第 4 章所要求的标记信息。

f. 确定设备中所包含而未按照本 CTSO 第 3 章进行评估的功能或性能（即：非 CTSO 功能）。在获得 CTSOA 的同时非 CTSO 功能也一同被接受。接受这些非 CTSO 功能，申请人必须声明这些功能，并在 CTSO 申请时提供以下信息：

（1） 非 CTSO 功能的描述，如性能规范、失效状态类别、软件、硬件以及环境鉴定类别。还应包括一份确认非 CTSO 功能不会影响设备对本 CTSO第 3 章要求符合性的声明。

（2） 安装程序和限制，能够确保非 CTSO 功能满足第 5.f.(1)段所声明的功能和性能规范。

（3） 第 5.f.(1)段所描述非 CTSO 功能的持续适航要求。

（4） 接口需求和相关安装试验程序，以确保对第 5.f.(1) 段功能、性能资料要求的符合性。

（5） （如适用）试验大纲、试验分析和试验结果，以验证 CTSO 设备的性能不会受到非 CTSO 功能的影响。

（6） （如适用）试验大纲、试验分析和试验结果，以验证第 5.f.(1) 段描述的非 CTSO 功能的功能和性能。

g. 按 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.358 条要求提供质量系统方面的说明资料，包括功能试验规范。质量系统应确保检测到可能会对 CTSO 最低性能标准符合性

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有不利影响的任何更改，并相应地拒收该产品。当前持有 CTSOAs 的申请人必须在必要时对现有的质量手册提交修订。

h. 按 CCAR-21-R4 第21.355 条的要求提供组织机构说明。

i. 材料和工艺规范清单。

j. 规定物品设计的所有图纸和工艺清单（包括修订版次）。

k. 制造商的 CTSO 鉴定报告，表明按本 CTSO 第 3.c 节要求完成的试验结果。

6. 制造商资料要求

除直接提交给局方的资料外，还应准备如下技术资料供局方评审：

a. 用来鉴定每件设备是否符合本 CTSO 要求的功能鉴定规范。

b. 设备校准程序。

c. 原理图。

d. 布线图。

e. 材料和工艺规范。

f. 按本 CTSO 中 3.d.节要求进行的环境鉴定试验结果。

g. 如果设备包含软件，提供 RTCA/DO- 178B 或 RTCA/DO- 178C 中规定的相关文档，包括所有支持 RTCA/DO- 178B 或 RTCA/DO- 178C 附件 A“软件等级的过程目标和输出 ”中适用目标的资料。

h. 如果设备包含复杂电子硬件，应提供 RTCA/DO-254 附录 A 表 A-1 中定义的与设计保证等级和硬件生命周期相关的资料。对于简单电子硬件，应提供以下资料：测试用例或程序，测试结果，测试覆盖率分析，工具评估和鉴定资料，构型管理记录并包含问题报告。

i. 如果设备包含非 CTSO 功能，必须提供第 6.a 节至第 6.h 节与非 CTSO功能相关的资料。

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7. 所提供的资料要求

a. 如欲向一个机构（例如运营人或修理站）提交一件或多件按本 CTSO 制造的设备，则应随设备提供本 CTSO 第 5.a 节和第 5.b 节的资料副本，以及TAWS 设备其他用于正确安装、审定、使用和持续适航所必需的资料。

b. 如果设备包含已声明的非 CTSO 功能，则还应包括第 5.f.(1)段至第 5.f.(4)段所规定资料的副本。

8. 引用文件

RTCA 文件可以从以下地址订购：

Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc.

1150 18th Street NW, Suite 910, Washington D.C. 20036

也可通过网站 www.rtca.org 订购副本。

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Number：CTSO-C151d

Date of approval：June 12，2023

Approved by：Yang Zhenmei

China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order

This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is issued according to Part 37 of the China Civil Aviation Regulations (CCAR-37). Each CTSO is a criterion which the concerned aeronautical materials, parts or appliances used on civil aircraft must comply with when it is presented for airworthiness certification.

Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems（TAWS）

1. Purpose.

This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is for manufacturers applying for Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) CTSO authorization (CTSOA). This CTSO specifies the minimum performance standards that TAWS must meet for approval and identification with the applicable CTSO marking.

2. Applicability.

This CTSO affects new applications submitted after its effective date.

a. Since the effective date of this CTSO, applicants who wish to obtain the CTSOA of Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) should submit applications in accordance with this CTSO. CTSO-C151b will also remain effective until 24 months from this CTSO release. After

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CAAC CTSO-C151d

this date, we will no longer accept new applications for CTSO-C151b.

b. Since the effective date of this CTSO, TAWS approved under a previous CTSO may still be manufactured under the provisions of its original approval.

3. Requirements.

New models of TAWS identified and manufactured on or after the effective date of this CTSO must meet the requirements in RTCA/DO-367, Minimum Operational Performance Standard (MOPS) for Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems (TAWS) Airborne Equipment, Section 2. Requirements for Class A, Class B, and Class C equipment are discussed in sections 2.2.1, 2.2.2 and 2.2.3, respectively. This equipment is intended for fixed-wing aircraft only.

a ．Functionality.

This CTSO Standard applies to equipment intended to provide flight crews with aural and visual alerts aimed at reducing the risk of CFIT accidents through increased terrain awareness. Class A systems include Terrain Displays intended to provide awareness to the flight crew of the aircraft’s proximity to terrain.

b. Failure Condition Classifications.

(1) For Class A and B systems, failure of the function defined in paragraph 3.a due to a TAWS computer malfunction resulting in false terrain warnings, un-annunciated loss of function, or presentation of

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misleading information is a major failure condition.

(2) For Class C systems, failure of the function defined in paragraph 3.a due to a TAWS computer malfunction resulting in false terrain warnings, un-annunciated loss of function, or presentation of misleading information is a minor failure condition.

(3) Loss of the function defined in paragraph 3.a is a minor failure condition.

(4) Design the system to at least these failure condition classifications.

c. Functional Qualification

Demonstrate the required functional performance under the test conditions specified in RTCA/DO-367, section 2.4. Test procedures for Class A, Class B, and Class C equipment are in sections 2.4.10, 2.4.11, and 2.4.12, respectively.

d. Environmental Qualification.

Demonstrate the required performance, under the test conditions specified in RTCA/DO-367, section 2.3 using standard environmental conditions and test procedures appropriate for airborne equipment. You may use a different standard environmental condition and test procedure than RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, provided the standard is appropriate for the TAWS. Note: The use of RTCA/DO- 160D (with Changes 1 and 2 only,

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without Change 3 incorporated) or earlier versions is generally not considered appropriate and will require substantiation via the deviation process as discussed in paragraph 3.g of this CTSO.

e. Software Qualification.

If the article includes software, develop the software according to RTCA/DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, dated December 13, 2011, including referenced supplements as applicable, to at least the software level consistent with the failure condition classification defined in paragraph 3.b of this CTSO. If RTCA/DO-178B, dated December 1, 1992, is used as a method of software development compliance, CAAC reserves the right to require applicants to meet additional requirements in addition to RTCA/DO- 178B.

f. Electronic Hardware Qualification.

If the article includes complex custom airborne electronic hardware, develop the component according to RTCA/DO-254, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware, dated April 19, 2000, to at least the design assurance level consistent with the failure condition classification defined in paragraph 3.b of this CTSO. For custom airborne electronic hardware determined to be simple, RTCA/DO-254, paragraph

1.6 applies.

g. Deviations.

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For using alternative or equivalent means of compliance to the criteria in the MPS of this CTSO, the applicant must show that the equipment maintains an equivalent level of safety. Apply for a deviation pursuant to 21.368(a) in CCAR-21R4.

4. Marking.

a. Mark at least one major component permanently and legibly with all of the information in 21.423(b) of CCAR-21R4. The marking must include the serial number.

b. If the article includes software and/or airborne electronic hardware, then the article part numbering scheme must identify the software and airborne electronic hardware configuration. The part numbering scheme can use separate, unique part numbers for software, hardware, and airborne electronic hardware, or can assign separate areas for them.

c. The applicant may use electronic part marking to identify software or airborne electronic hardware components by embedding the identification within the hardware component itself (using software) rather than marking it on the equipment nameplate. If electronic marking is used, it must be readily accessible without the use of special tools or equipment.

5. Application Data Requirements.

You must give CAAC a statement of conformance, pursuant to

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section 21.353(a)(1) in CCAR-21R4 and one copy each of the following technical data to support your design and production approval.

a. Manuals containing the following:

(1) Operating instructions and article limitations sufficient to describe the equipment’s operational capability. The operating instructions must include information on the effects of loss of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) on the TAWS function if the TAWS relies on GNSS. Additionally, the instructions must contain processes for updating the terrain database.

(2) Detailed description of all deviations.

(3) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the TAWS, when installed according to installation or operational procedures, still meets this CTSO’s requirements. Limitations must identify any unique aspects of the installation. The limitations must also include a note with the following statement:

“This article meets the minimum requirements of CTSO-C151d. Installation of this article requires separate approval.”

(4) For each unique configuration of software and airborne electronic hardware, reference the following:

(i) Software part number including revision and design assurance level;

(ii) Airborne electronic hardware part number including

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revision and design assurance level;

(iii) Functional description.

(5) A summary of the test conditions used for environmental qualifications for each component of the article. For example, a form as described in RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, Appendix A.

(6) Schematic drawings, wiring diagrams, and any other documentation necessary for installation of the TAWS.

(7) By-part-number list of replaceable components that makes up the TAWS. Include vendor part number cross-references, when applicable.

b. Instruction of continued airworthiness, including the requirements for periodic maintenance, calibration and repair of equipment, to ensure that the TAWS continues to meet the CTSO approved design. If applicable, the recommended inspection interval and service life should be included.

c. If the article includes software: a plan for software aspects of certification (PSAC), software configuration index, and software accomplishment summary.

d. If the article includes simple or complex custom airborne electronic hardware: a plan for hardware aspects of certification (PHAC), hardware verification plan, top-level drawing(or HCI, as applicable), and

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hardware accomplishment summary (or similar document, as applicable).

e. A drawing depicting how the article will be marked with the information required by paragraph 4 of this CTSO.

f. Identify functionality contained in the article not evaluated under paragraph 3 of this CTSO (defined as non-CTSO functions). Non-CTSO functions are accepted in parallel with the CTSOA. For those non-CTSO functions to be accepted, you must declare these functions and include the following information with your CTSO application:

(1) Description of the non-CTSO function(s), such as performance specifications, failure condition classifications, software, hardware, and environmental qualification levels. Include a statement confirming that the non-CTSO function(s) do not interfere with the article’s compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.

(2) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the non-CTSO function(s) meets the declared functions and performance specification(s) described in paragraph 5.f.(1).

(3) Instructions for continued performance applicable to the non-CTSO function(s) described in paragraph 5.f.(1).

(4) Interface requirements and applicable installation test procedures to ensure compliance with the non-CTSO function(s) performance data defined in paragraph 5.f.(1).

(5) Test plans and analysis as appropriate, to verify that

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performance of the hosting CTSO article is not affected by the non-CTSO function(s).

(6) Test plans and analysis as appropriate, to verify the function and performance of the non-CTSO function(s) as described in paragraph 5.f.(1).

g. The quality system description required by section 21.358 of CCAR-21R4, including functional test specifications. The quality system must ensure that you will detect any change to the approved design that could adversely affect compliance with the CTSO MPS, and reject the article accordingly. Applicants who currently hold CTSOAs must submit revisions to the existing quality manual as necessary (not required for applicants that don’t hold CTSOAs).

h. Provide a description of the organization as required by 21.355 of CCAR-21-R4.

i. Material and process specifications list.

j. A List of all drawings and processes (including revision level) that define the article’s design.

k. Manufacturer’s CTSO qualification report showing results of testing accomplished according to paragraph 3.c of this CTSO.

6. Manufacturer Data Requirements.

Besides the data given directly to CAAC, have the following technical data available for review by CAAC:

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a. Functional qualification specifications for qualifying each production article to ensure compliance with this CTSO.

b. Article calibration procedures.

c. Schematic drawings.

d. Wiring diagrams.

e. Material and process specifications.

f. The results of the environmental qualification tests conducted according to paragraph 3.d of this CTSO.

g. If the article includes software, the appropriate documentation defined in RTCA/DO- 178B or RTCA/DO- 178C specified in paragraph 3.e of this CTSO, including all data supporting the applicable objectives in Annex A, Process Objectives and Outputs by Software Level of RTCA/DO- 178B or RTCA/DO- 178C.

h. If the article includes complex custom airborne electronic hardware, the appropriate hardware life-cycle data in combination with design assurance level, as defined in RTCA/DO-254, Appendix A, Table A-l. For simple custom airborne electronic hardware, the following data are required: test cases or procedures, test results, test coverage analysis, tool assessment and qualification data, and configuration management records, including problem reports.

i. If the article contains non-CTSO function(s), you must also make items 6.a through 6.h available as they pertain to the non-CTSO

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function(s).

7. Furnished Data Requirements.

a. When furnishing one or more articles manufactured under this CTSO to one entity (such as an operator or repair station), provide one copy access to the data in paragraphs 5.a and 5.b of this CTSO. Add any other data needed for the proper installation, certification, use, or continued compliance with this CTSO, of the TAWS.

b. If the article contains declared non-CTSO function(s), include one copy of the data in paragraphs 5.f.(1) through 5.f.(4).

8. Availability of Referenced Documents.

a. Order RTCA documents from RTCA Inc.1150 18th Street NW, Suite 910, Washington, D.C. 20036. You can also order copies online at www.rtca.org .

(The English version is for reference only. In case of any discrepancy or ambiguity of meaning between this English translation and the Chinese version, the latter shall prevail.)