T/SXCAS 036-2024 地铁深基坑工程技术标准

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山西省土木建筑学会团体标准
地铁深基坑工程技术标准
Technical specification for metro deep foundation
excavations
T/SXCAS 036—2024
批准部门：山西省土木建筑学会
主编单位：太原轨道交通集团有限公司
太原理工大学
施行日期：2024 年12 月25 日

山西省土木建筑学会
关于发布《地铁深基坑工程技术标准》的公告
晋土建标字〔2024〕24 号
山西省土木建筑学会现批准《地铁深基坑工程技术标准》为团
体标准，编号为T/SXCAS 036—2024，自2024 年12 月25 日起实
施，现予公告。
山西省土木建筑学会
2024 年12 月12 日
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前言
根据山西省土木建筑学会《关于同意〈地铁深基坑工程技术标
准〉立项的通知》（晋土建标字〔2023〕30 号）的要求，由太原轨
道交通集团有限公司和太原理工大学会同有关勘察、设计、施工、
科研和教学等单位组成标准编制组，经广泛调查研究，认真总结近
年来太原地铁等项目的基坑工程实践经验和科研成果，参考有关国
家、行业和地方标准，并在广泛征求意见的基础上，编写完成
本标准。
本标准共分12 章和2 个附录，主要技术内容有总则、术语和符
号、基本规定、岩土勘察与环境调查、土压力和水压力、基坑稳定
性、内支撑支挡式结构、基坑土体加固、地下水控制、基坑开挖、
环境影响评价及保护措施、地铁基坑监测。
本标准由山西省土木建筑学会标准化技术委员会负责管理，太
原轨道交通集团有限公司和太原理工大学负责具体技术内容的解
释。执行过程中如有意见或建议，请反馈寄送给太原轨道交通集团
有限公司（地址：太原市小店区龙城大街95 号地铁控制中心；邮编：
030032；邮箱：418171839@qq.com），以供今后修订时参考。
本标准主编单位： 太原轨道交通集团有限公司
太原理工大学
本标准参编单位： 太原轨道交通一号线建设运营有限公司
北京市政建设集团有限责任公司
山西省建筑设计研究院有限公司
山西省勘察设计研究院有限公司
山西省建筑科学研究院集团有限公司
中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司
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中北大学
太原市建筑设计研究院
中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司
北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司
中国铁路设计集团有限公司
山西建设投资集团有限公司
山西四建集团有限公司
中铁十一局集团有限公司
中铁十四局集团有限公司
中国电建市政建设集团有限公司
山西三建集团有限公司
山西裕祥岩土工程有限公司
太原太工天昊土木工程检测有限公司
本标准主要起草人员： 武卫华王凤莲巨玉文冯涛
李栋王文正曾国红焦鹏飞
毛东晖裴保国栗润德吴冬
程艺梅王冰魏庆繁文罕
杜博杨峥任杰张文杰
王敏泽董鸣宋宁韩云山
何亮吴正杰贺武斌路国运
任磊张艳秋康锦霞郑雪梅
邵艳丽朱殿君张纯华王加勇
李斌陈希刚冯伟涛杨虎青
本标准主要审查人员： 张循当梁仁旺史卫平李康
白艳琴王荣香齐锦程
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目次
1 总则············································································1
2 术语和符号·································································· 2
2.1 术语·····································································2
2.2 符号·····································································3
3 基本规定····································································· 6
4 岩土勘察与环境调查·····················································12
4.1 一般规定····························································· 12
4.2 环境调查····························································· 13
4.3 勘察··································································· 14
4.4 岩土测试参数······················································· 15
4.5 岩土勘察成果······················································· 17
5 土压力和水压力···························································20
5.1 一般规定····························································· 20
5.2 静止土压力·························································· 20
5.3 主动土压力和被动土压力········································21
5.4 水压力································································ 26
6 基坑稳定性·································································28
6.1 一般规定····························································· 28
6.2 整体稳定性验算····················································28
6.3 抗踢脚稳定性验算·················································29
6.4 坑底抗隆起稳定性验算···········································30
6.5 抗渗流稳定性验算·················································32
6.6 坑底抗突涌稳定性验算···········································33
7 内支撑支挡式结构························································35
7.1 一般规定····························································· 35
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7.2 结构分析····························································· 36
7.3 钢筋混凝土排桩支护··············································42
7.4 地下连续墙支护····················································44
7.5 内支撑结构·························································· 49
7.6 支护结构与主体结构相结合·····································55
8 基坑土体加固······························································58
8.1 一般规定····························································· 58
8.2 设计与构造·························································· 58
8.3 施工与监测·························································· 60
9 地下水控制·································································62
9.1 一般规定····························································· 62
9.2 地下水控制设计····················································63
9.3 基坑降水施工······················································· 67
10 基坑开挖·································································· 69
10.1 一般规定·························································· 69
10.2 土方开挖·························································· 70
10.3 应急响应及措施·················································72
11 环境影响评价及保护措施············································· 74
11.1 一般规定·························································· 74
11.2 评估内容·························································· 75
11.3 地铁基坑变形预估·············································· 76
11.4 环境保护措施···················································· 77
12 地铁基坑监测···························································· 80
12.1 一般规定·························································· 80
12.2 监测点布置······················································· 84
12.3 监测方法及精度要求···········································87
12.4 预警值····························································· 90
12.5 监测频率·························································· 93
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12.6 自动化监测······················································· 94
12.7 报告编写·························································· 96
附录A 不排水抗剪强度计算············································· 98
附录B 太原主城区典型粉土、粉质黏土的土体硬化（HS）模型刚
度参数计算························································· 99
本标准用词说明······························································100
引用标准名录·································································101
条文说明······································································· 103
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Contents
1 General Provisions·························································· 1
2 Terms and Symbols··························································2
2.1 Terms··································································· 2
2.2 Symbols································································ 3
3 Basic Requirements························································· 6
4 Geotechnical and Environmental Investigation······················· 12
4.1 General Requirements·············································· 12
4.2 Environmental Survey··············································13
4.3 Survey·································································14
4.4 Geotechnical Testing Parameters································· 15
4.5 Geotechnical Survey Results······································ 17
5 Earth Pressure and Water Pressure······································ 20
5.1 General Requirements ············································ 20
5.2 Earth Pressure at Rest·············································· 20
5.3 Active And Passive Earth Pressure······························· 21
5.4 Water Pressure······················································· 26
6 Foundation Pit Stability··················································· 28
6.1 General Requirements·············································· 28
6.2 Overall Stability····················································· 28
6.3 Stability Against Kick·············································· 29
6.4 Stability Against Basal Heave·····································30
6.5 Stability Against Seepage·········································· 22
6.6 Stability Against Surge············································· 33
7 Internal Support And Blocking Structure······························ 35
7.1 General Requirements·············································· 35
7.2 Structural Analysis·················································· 36
7.3 Reinforced Concrete Pile Support································ 42
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7.4 Diaphragm Wall Support···········································44
7.5 Internal Support Structure········································· 49
7.6 Excavations Supported By Permanent Structure··············· 55
8 Soil Reinforcement························································ 58
8.1 General Requirements·············································· 58
8.2 Design and Structural Details····································· 58
8.3 Construction and Monitoring······································60
9 Groundwater Control······················································ 62
9.1 Genera Requirements ············································· 62
9.2 Groundwater Control Design······································63
9.3 Dewatering Construction···········································67
10 Excavation································································· 69
10.1 General Requirements ········································· 69
10.2 Soil Excavation··················································· 70
10.3 Emergency Response and Measures·························· 72
11 Environmental Impact Assessment and Protection Measures····· 74
11.1 General Requirements··········································· 74
11.2 Evaluation Contents··············································75
11.3 Prediction of Foundation Pit Deformation··················· 76
11.4 Environmental Protection Measures·························· 77
12 Foundation Pit Monitoring·············································· 80
12.1 General Requirements··········································· 80
12.2 Layout of Monitoring Points··································· 84
12.3 Monitoring Methods and Precision Requirements··········87
12.4 Warning Value···················································· 90
12.5 Monitoring Frequency···········································93
12.6 Automatic Monitoring··········································· 94
12.7 Report Writing···················································· 96
Appendix A Calculation of Undrained Shear Strength················ 98
Appendix B Calculation of Stiffness Parameters of Soil Hardening
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（Hs）Model for Typical Silt and Silty Clay in the Main
Urban Area of Taiyuan······································ 99
Explanation of Wording in This Standard································· 100
List of Quoted Standards·····················································101
Explanation of Provisions····················································103
1 总则
1.0.1 为了使地铁深基坑工程安全可靠、保护环境、技术先进、经
济合理、节约资源，制定本标准。
1.0.2 本标准适用于山西省行政区域内采用内支撑支护形式的地铁
深基坑工程的勘察、设计、施工、检测和监测。对湿陷性黄土、膨
胀土等特殊土或岩石基坑，在应用本标准时应结合当地工程经验或
进行专门研究，制定或补充相应规定和要求。
1.0.3 地铁深基坑支护工程应综合考虑工程地质与水文地质条件、
主体结构类型、开挖深度、周边环境及施工条件，并结合工程经验，
因地制宜、合理设计、精心施工、严格监测，确保基坑支护功能和
环境保护要求，严防基坑工程事故发生。
1.0.4 地铁深基坑工程的勘察、设计、施工、检测和监测除应符合
本标准的规定之外，尚应符合现行国家、行业和地方标准的相
关规定。
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2 术语和符号
2.1 术语
2.1.1 地铁深基坑metro deep excavations
为进行地铁车站、盾构工作井、暗挖法竖井、区间明挖段、出
入口与风井等地下部分的施工，由地面向下开挖出的深度较大（大
于7m）的空间。
2.1.2 基坑周边环境surroundings around excavations
与基坑开挖相互影响的周边建（构）筑物、地下管线、道路、
岩土体与地下水体的统称。
2.1.3 设计工作期限design workable life
设计规定的从支护结构施工至基坑开挖到预定深度，直至完成
基坑支护使用功能的时段。
2.1.4 挡土构件structural member for earth retaining
设置在基坑侧壁并嵌入基坑底面以下的支护结构竖向构件。例
如支护桩、地下连续墙。
2.1.5 支挡式结构retaining structure
以挡土构件和支撑为主要构件，或以挡土构件为主要构件的支
护结构。
2.1.6 内支撑strut
设置在基坑内的由钢筋混凝土或钢构件组成的用以支撑挡土构
件的结构部件。支撑构件采用钢材、混凝土时，分别称为钢内支撑、
混凝土内支撑。
2.1.7 内支撑支挡结构strutted retaining structure
在基坑内设置支撑，用以保障基坑稳定安全的支挡式结构。
2.1.8 排桩soldier pile wall
沿基坑侧壁排列设置的支护桩及冠梁所组成的支挡式结构。
2.1.9 地下连续墙diaphragm wall
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分槽段用专用机械成槽、浇筑钢筋混凝土所形成的连续地下
墙体。
2.1.10 冠梁capping beam
设置在挡土构件顶部的钢筋混凝土连梁。
2.1.11 腰梁waling
设置在挡土构件侧面的能够将荷载均匀传递给内支撑的钢筋混
凝土或型钢梁式构件。
2.1.12 地下水控制groundwater control
为保证支护结构、基坑开挖、地下结构的正常施工，防止地下
水变化对基坑周边环境产生影响所采取的截水、降水、排水、回灌
等措施。
2.1.13 降水dewatering
为防止地下水通过基坑侧壁与坑底流入基坑，用抽水井等方式
降低基坑内外地下水位的方法。
2.1.14 截水帷幕curtain for cutting off drains
用以阻隔或减少地下水通过基坑侧壁与坑底流入基坑和控制基
坑外地下水位下降的幕墙状竖向截水体。
2.1.15 集水明排open pumping
用排水沟、集水井、泄水管、输水管等组成的排水系统将地表
水、渗漏水排泄至基坑外的方法。
2.2 符号
2.2.1 作用和作用效应
Eak、Epk—— 主动土压力、被动土压力标准值；
G—— 支护结构和土的自重；
J—— 渗透力；
M—— 弯矩设计值；
Mk—— 作用标准组合的弯矩值；
N—— 轴向拉力或轴向压力设计值；
Nk—— 作用标准组合的轴向拉力值或轴向压力值；
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qk—— 均布附加荷载标准值；
q1k—— 基础底面附加压力标准值；
p0k—— 静止土压力强度标准值；
pak、ppk—— 主动土压力强度标准值﹑被动土压力强度标准值；
ps—— 分布土反力；
Q—— 单井涌（抽）水量；
Fh—— 弹性支点水平反力；
s—— 固结沉降量；
sd—— 设计水位降深；
Sd—— 作用组合的效应设计值；
Sk—— 作用标准组合的效应；
pw—— 孔隙水压力；
v—— 挡土构件的水平位移。
2.2.2 材料性能和抗力
C—— 正常使用极限状态下支护结构位移或建筑物基础、地面
沉降的限值；
ck—— 土的黏聚力标准值；
φk—— 土的内摩擦角标准值；
E—— 弹性模量；
fc—— 混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值；
fcs—— 水泥土开挖龄期时的轴心抗压强度设计值；
fpy—— 预应力筋的抗拉强度设计值；
fy—— 钢筋的抗拉强度设计值；
k—— 土的渗透系数；
γ—— 土的天然重度；
γw—— 地下水的重度；
Rk—— 抗滑力、抗滑力矩、抗倾覆力矩等土的抗力标准值；
Rd—— 结构构件的抗力设计值。
2.2.3 几何参数
A—— 构件的截面面积；
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As—— 普通钢筋的截面面积；
b—— 截面宽度；
d—— 桩的直径；
h—— 基坑深度；
ld—— 截水帷幕在坑底以下的插入深度；
l0—— 受压支撑构件的长度；
H—— 潜水初始含水层厚度；
M—— 承压含水层厚度；
R—— 影响半径；
rw—— 降水井半径；
θ—— 滑弧面法线与垂直面夹角。
2.2.4 设计参数和计算系数
ks—— 土的水平反力系数；
kR—— 弹性支点轴向刚度系数；
K—— 安全系数；
Ka—— 主动土压力系数；
K0—— 静止土压力系数；
Kp—— 被动土压力系数；
m—— 土的水平反力系数的比例系数；
αR—— 支撑松弛系数；
γF—— 作用基本组合的综合分项系数；
γ0—— 支护结构重要性系数；
λ—— 支撑不动点调整系数。
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3 基本规定
3.0.1 地铁基坑支护设计应规定工作年限，且设计工作年限不应小
于1 年。当支护结构作为主体地下结构一部分时，应满足主体结构
的使用期限要求。
3.0.2 地铁基坑支护应满足下列功能要求：
1 保证支护结构体系的强度和变形满足要求；
2 保证基坑周边环境安全和环境设施的正常使用；
3 确保地铁车站、盾构工作井、暗挖法竖井、区间明挖段、出
入口与风井及附属地下结构等的正常施工。
3.0.3 地铁基坑支护设计前，应对周边环境风险源进行调查评估，
并按照表3.0.3-1 确定环境设施重要性类别，按照表3.0.3-2 确定基
坑环境风险等级。
表3.0.3-1 环境设施重要性分类
环境设施类别
环境设施重要性类别
重要设施一般设施
地面和地下
轨道交通既有城市轨道交通线路和铁路
既有地面建
（构）筑物
省市级以上的保护建筑，高度超过15 层
（含）的建筑，年代久远、基础条件较
差的重点保护的建筑物，重要的烟囱、
水塔、油库、加油站、气罐、高压线铁
塔等，泄洪设施
15 层以下的一般建
筑物，一般的构筑物
既有地下
构筑物
地下道路和交通隧道、地下商业街及重
要人防工程等地下人行过街通道
既有市政桥梁高架桥、立交桥的主桥等匝道桥、人行天桥等
既有市政管线
雨污水干管、中压以上的燃气管，直径
较大的自来水管、中水管、军用光缆等，
其他使用时间较长的铸铁管、承插式的
接口混凝土管，综合管廊
抗变形能力较强的小
直径污水管、低压煤
气管、电信、通信、
电力管（沟）等
既有市政道路城市主干道、快速路等城市次干道和支路等
水体
（河道、湖泊）江、河、湖等一般水塘和小河沟等
绿化、植物受保护古树其他树木
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表3.0.3-2 基坑环境风险等级划分
风险等级环境设施分类与基坑相邻位置关系说明
Ⅰ级重要设施非常接近
需考虑环境设施特
点、保护要求和措施
进行具体分析。
Ⅱ级
重要设施接近
一般设施非常接近
Ⅲ级
重要设施较接近
一般设施接近
Ⅳ级
重要设施不接近
一般设施较接近
注：1 非常接近：基坑周边0.7h 或h·tan（45°-�k/2）范围内，取两者
较大值（下同）；
2 接近：基坑周边0.7h～1.0h 或h·tan（450-�k/2）～1.0h 范围内；
3 较接近：基坑周边1.0h～2.0h 范围内；
4 不接近：基坑周边2.0h 范围外。
其中，h 表示基坑设计深度（m），�k表示土体内摩擦角