资源简介
编号：CTSO-2C704a
日期：2022 年 5 月 27 日局长授权
批准：
中国民用航空技术标准规定
本技术标准规定根据中国民用航空规章《民用航空材料、零部件和机载设备技术标准规定》（CCAR37）颁发。中国民用航空技术标准规定是对用于民用航空器上的某些航空材料、零部件和机载设备接受适航审查时，必须遵守的准则。
民用航空发动机润滑油
1. 目的
本技术标准规定（CTSO）适用于申请民用航空发动机润滑油技术标准规定项目批准书（CTSOA）的制造人。本 CTSO 规定了民用航空发动机润滑油为获得批准和使用适用的 CTSO 标记进行标识所必须满足的最低性能标准。
2. 适用范围
本 CTSO 适用于自其生效之日起提交的 CTSOA 申请。
a. 民用航空发动机润滑油（以下简称航空润滑油）包括民用航空涡轮发动机润滑油（以下简称涡轮滑油）和无灰分散剂型民用航空活塞发动机润滑油（以下简称活塞滑油）。
b. 按本 CTSO 批准的航空润滑油，其设计大改应按 CCAR-21要求重新申请 CTSOA。
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CAAC CTSO-2C704
3. 要求
3.1 涡轮滑油
a ．组成要求
本 CTSO 标记的涡轮滑油应主要以多元醇酯类化合物为基础油，粘度等级为 5 厘斯，不应使用含有钡和钛类有机化合物，如果使用磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）类添加剂，其中邻位异构体的质量分数不应超过0.2％。
涡轮滑油所有化学成分应符合国家有关环保、毒理、安全等相关法律、法规的要求，应建立化学品安全技术说明书或者相关文件。
b. 性能要求
（1）型式检验
涡轮滑油应按本 CTSO 要求进行型式检验，包括物理性能、化学性能、稳定性能、沉积性能、摩擦性能以及其他附加试验，结果应满足附录 1 要求。
（i）物理性能试验：运动黏度（-40℃、40℃和 100℃)、黏度稳定性、倾点、开口闪点、蒸发损失、泡沫特性、剪切安定性等项目。
（ii）化学性能试验：总酸值、沉积物/灰分、油品相容性、弹性体相容性、微量金属含量等项目。
（iii）稳定性能试验：氧化腐蚀安定性（175℃、204℃、218℃)和热安定腐蚀性试验。
（iv）沉积性能试验：动态结焦试验、高温轴承沉积性能试验和气相结焦试验。
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（v）摩擦性能试验：高速齿轮承载能力试验。
（vi）附加试验：一元酸组成、运动黏度温度曲线（-55℃、-20℃、 0℃、70℃、150℃、200℃和 250℃)、黏度指数、压黏系数、密度温度曲线（-55℃、-20℃、0℃、15℃、40℃、70℃、100℃、150℃、 200℃和 250℃)、比热容温度曲线（-55℃、-20℃、0℃、15℃、40℃、 100℃、150℃、200℃和 250℃)、导热系数温度曲线（40℃、100℃、 150℃、200℃和 250℃)、电导率、水解安定性、氧化安定性、弹性体相容性（1800h）、高温管沉积（HTDT）、ALTE 中度磨损、ALTE苛刻磨损、热老化性能（150℃、180℃和225℃)、颗粒物、WAM承载能力、弹性体相容性（试验至失效）等项目。
（2）质量控制检验
通过型式检验的涡轮滑油进行批次生产时，每批次应完成质量控制检验，包括运动黏度（-40℃和 40℃)、倾点、开口闪点、泡沫特性、总酸值、沉积物/灰分、微量金属含量、氧化腐蚀安定性（204℃)、热安定腐蚀性、动态结焦和气相结焦等试验项目，结果应满足附录 2要求。
c. 检验机构
所有的试验均应在局方认可的检验机构或在局方监督下进行。
d. 偏离
如果采用替代或等效的符合性方法来满足本 CTSO 规定的最低性能标准要求，则申请人必须表明产品保持了等效的安全水平。申请人应按照 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.368 条（一）要求申请偏离。
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3.2 活塞滑油
本 CTSO 标记的活塞滑油所有化学成分应符合国家有关环保、毒理、安全等相关法律、法规的要求，应建立化学品安全技术说明书或者相关文件。
活塞滑油应按本 CTSO 要求进行型式检验，包括物理化学性能、储存稳定性、单缸发动机台架和发动机台架试车等试验，结果应满足附录 3 要求。
（i）物理化学性能试验：运动黏度（40℃和 100℃)、黏度指数、开口闪点、闭口闪点、倾点、硫含量、低温泵送黏度、低温动力黏度、高温高剪切黏度、酸值、密度、比重、灰分、微量沉积物、铜片腐蚀、泡沫特性、油品相容性、弹性体相容性、微量金属含量等项目。
（ii）储存稳定性试验：十四天储存试验应将活塞滑油在 5±1℃和-18±1℃条件下交替储存十四天，检查样品是否存在添加剂分离、沉积物以及流动不均匀等现象。六个月储存试验应将活塞滑油在 25 ±3℃条件下避光储存六个月，检查样品外观是否存在絮状、蜡状或云雾状不溶物等现象。
（iii）单缸发动机试验：应按照 SAE J1899 第 3.8.1 条要求开展试验，试验时间应不低于 40 小时，并报告试验前后连杆轴瓦的质量损失、润滑油的运动黏度和酸值变化以及轴瓦内壁和活塞裙部（受力
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侧和非受力侧）照片。
（iv）发动机台架试车试验：应按照 SAE J1899 附录 B 要求开展发动机试车，完成发动机磨合、滑油消耗、试车前发动机性能校准、 150 小时试车、试车后发动机性能校准、滑油性能分析以及发动机拆卸检查等试车工作，并报告曲轴主轴颈、连杆轴颈、主轴承和连杆轴承、活塞销、活塞环、进气和排气门阀杆等发动机关键零部件的磨损情况，油湿部件上的积碳类型、结焦程度以及滑油的运动黏度、总酸值、微量金属含量的变化情况。
通过型式检验的活塞滑油进行批次生产时，每批次应完成质量控制检验，包括运动黏度（40℃和 100℃)、黏度指数、开口闪点、倾点、硫含量、低温动力黏度、酸值、密度、比重、灰分、微量沉积物、铜片腐蚀、泡沫特性和微量金属含量，结果应满足附录 4 要求。
所有的试验均应在局方认可的检验机构或在局方的监督下进行。
4. 标记
a. 航空润滑油的产品质量合格证及其他相关文件至少应标注以
下内容，但不仅限于：
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（1）产品名称和牌号；
（2）局方批准的 CTSOA 证件号对应的 CTSO 标准号；
（3）生产单位名称和地址；
（4）生产日期、数量、批次号和有效期。
b. 涡轮滑油和活塞滑油的产品质量合格证可分别参考附录 3 和附录 6 所示。
5. 资料要求
申请人应提交相关技术资料以支持设计和生产批准，包括：
a. CCAR-21 中有关申请 CTSOA 的资料：
b. 原材料情况说明；
c. 生产工艺技术资料；
d. 产品的化学品安全技术说明书；
e. 局方要求的其他材料。
6. 应用说明
申请人取得 CTSOA 后，还应获得装机批准。若符合的产品标准已列入了航空器和发动机的型号合格数据单（TCDS）、补充型号合格证（STC）或其他型号设计批准文件，可直接使用，不再进行装机批准。
7. 引用文件
a. GB 标准可以从以下地址订购：中国标准出版社，北京复兴门
外三里河北街 16 号，010-68523946。
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b. SH 标准可以从以下地址订购：中国石化出版社有限公司，北京市东城区安定门外大街 58 号，010-84271850。
c. ASTM 标准可以从下列地址订购：American Society for Testing Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P. O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959。
d. DEF STAN 标准可以从下列地址订购：Defence Procurement Agency, An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence. UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street。
e. SAE 文件可以 从以 下地址订购： Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, WARRENDALE, PA 15096-001, USA。
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附录 1
民用航空涡轮发动机润滑油型式检验要求
项目
指标要求
试验方法
标准型（SPC）
高性能型（HPC）
物理性能
运动黏度, mm2/s
100℃
4.9~5.4
GB/T 265
ASTM D445
40℃
≥23.0
-40℃
≤13000
黏度稳定性，72h，-40℃,变化%
≤6
GJB 1264.4
ASTM D2532
倾点，℃
≤-54
GB/T 3535
ASTM D97
开口闪点，℃
≥246
GB/T 3536
ASTM D92
蒸发损失，6.5h，204℃,质量变化%
≤10
GB/T 7325
ASTM D972
泡沫特性
通气 5min 后，起泡体积/1min后泡沫体积
24℃
≤25/0
GB/T 12579
ASTM D892
93.5℃
93.5℃/24℃
剪切安定性 a，40℃,黏度变化%
≤4
NB/SH/T 0505
ASTM D2603
化学性能
总酸值，mg KOH/g
≤1.0
NB/SH/T 0946
SAE ARP5088
沉积物/灰分，mg/L
沉积物
沉积物≤10
GJB 1264.5
FED-STD-791,
Method3010
灰分
灰分≤1
沉积物≤1.0，可不做灰分
溶解水
无未溶解水
油品相容性 b, c
沉积物，mg/L
GJB 562
Method3403 方法 2
Def Stan 05-50(Part
61) Method 24
浑浊度
清澈透明
弹性体相容性，72h，体积膨胀%
氟橡胶, 204℃
5-25
SH/T 0436
FED-STD-791, Method 3604
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弹性 体相 容性， 24/120h，质量变化%
氟碳橡胶，200℃
≤10/15
≤11/15
61) Method 22
LCS 氟碳橡胶， 200℃
≤10/20
≤12/20
丁腈橡胶，130℃
≤19.5/22
≤19/19.5
硅橡胶，175℃
≤16.5/16.0
≤14.5/14.5
全氟橡胶，200℃
—
≤2/2
微量金属含量，mg/L
铝
≤2
GB/T 17476
ASTM D5185
ASTM D6595
铁
铬
银
≤1
铜
锡
镁
镍
钛
硅
铅
钼
≤3
锌
稳定性能
氧化腐蚀安定性 d， 72h，175℃
黏度变化，%
-5~15
0~10
GJB 563
Method 5308
ASTM D4636 程序 2
总酸值变化mgKOH/g
≤2.0
沉积物mg/100mL
≤50
≤25
金属质量变化mg/cm2
钢
-0.2~0.2
-0.4~0.4
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氧化腐蚀安定性 d， 72h，204℃
-5~25
0~22.5
≤3.0
氧化腐蚀安定性 d， 72h，218℃
≤120
≤60
≤15
钛（2片）
热安定腐蚀性，96h， 274℃
-5.0~5.0
GJB 1264.1 FED-STD-791, Method 3411
≤6.0
钢片质量变化mg/cm2
-4.0~4.0
沉积性能
动态结焦，375℃, 沉积物质量，mg
20h
≤4.0
≤0.4
GJB 1263A 附录 C SAE ARP5996
40h
≤0.6
高温轴承沉积性能 e
碳沉积物评分
≤80
≤40
Method 3410 方法 1.5
或替代方法
滤膜沉积物质量， g
≤1.5
滑油消耗量，mL
≤2000
≤4000
40℃黏度变化%
-5~30
0~35
总酸 值变 化， mgKOH/g
气相结焦 f，371℃,管沉积量，mg
报告
GJB 1263A 附录 D SAE ARP5921
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摩擦性能
高速齿轮承载能力 g，74℃
与同级别主流商用滑油对比分析
Method 6508
附加试验
一元酸组成，摩尔%
GJB 1264.2 FED-STD-791, Method 3500
运动黏度温度曲线
-55℃
-20℃
0℃
70℃
150℃
200℃
250℃
黏度指数
室温~175℃
GB/T 1995
ASTM D2270
压黏系数
SAE ARP6157
130℃
密度温度曲线，kg/m3
GB/T 1884
ASTM D4052
15℃
比热容温度曲线， J/kg.℃
NB/SH/T 0632
ASTM E1269
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导热系数温度曲线， W/m.K
ASTM D2717
电导率，uS/cm
20℃
ASTM D2624
80℃
水解安定性
90℃
Def Stan 05-50(Part 61) Method 6
氧化安定性
温度参数，192h
E 温度，℃
≥185
≥190
Def Stan 05-50(Part 61) Method 9
A 温度，℃
V 温度，℃
B 温度，℃
≥205
Z 温度，℃
≥210
有效寿命，200℃
蒸发损失，h
≥90
酸值增加，h
≥100
黏度增加，h
≥60
不溶物增加，h
≥225
有效寿命，250℃
≥3
≥4.9
≥0.5
≥1.4
≥1.0
≥1.9
≥20
≥22
弹性 体相 容性 h， 1800h，氟碳橡胶，体积膨胀%
≤20
Safran Method
120℃
140℃
未收缩
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160℃
高温管沉积（HTDT） 15h，163℃
管沉积量，mg
SAE ARP8462
管沉积评级
黏度变化%
总酸值变化，mg KOH/g
滤芯沉积物质量， mg
ALTE 中度磨损，20kg 球压力，磨痕直径， mm
SAE ARP6255
ALTE 苛刻磨损，磨痕直径为 1.5mm 时的球压力，kg
热老化性能 i
SAE ARP6299
抗氧化剂含量，%
≥50
180℃
≥15
密度变化，%
≤0.5
40℃黏度变化，%
≤5
100℃黏度变化，%
≤8
酸值变化，mgKOH/g
开口闪点变化，℃
≤70
≤85
热老化性能， 72h， 225℃
酸值变化mgKOH/g
≤100
颗粒物（862kPa，329.5℃, 18h），mg
SAE ARP6223
WAM 承载能力，加载等级
SAE ARP6156
弹性体相容性（试验至弹性体发生脆裂），天数
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其他要求
注：
a 采用 NB/SH/T 0505、ASTM D2603 进行试验时，应在一定功率下试验 30mL 参考油 5min，使参考油运动黏度下降 11.5%±0.5%，并固定该功率测试 30mL 油样30min，以确定黏度变化； b 采用 GJB 562 和 FED-STD-791 Method 3403 进行试验时，完成规定温度的 168h 恒温后，应将油样放置在 24±5℃的黑暗环境中 21 天，再目视检查油样浊度；
c 标准参考油应选用在民航市场中已获批准的涡轮润滑油；
d 采用 GJB 563、FED-STD-791 Method 5308 和 ASTM D4636 程序 2 进行试验时，试验时间、温度以及试验金属片等均符合本表要求，冷凝管冷却水温度应设置为 18±2.5℃;
e SPC 滑油试验 100h，HPC 滑油试验 200h；
f 除测量管沉积量外，还应报告试验前后滑油的 40℃运动黏度变化率和酸值变化；
g 标准参考油应选用在民航市场中已获批准的涡轮滑油；
h 未收缩表示试验后橡胶试片的体积较试验前未减少；
i SPC 滑油应完成 504h 试验，在第 168h、336h 和 504h 进行取样分析。HPC 滑油应完成 672h试验，在第 168h、336h、504h 和 672h 进行取样分析。
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附录 2
民用航空涡轮发动机润滑油质量控制检验要求
通气 5min 后，
起泡体积/1min 后泡沫体积
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氧化腐蚀安定性 a，72h，
204℃
沉积无mg/100mL
热安定腐蚀性， 96h， 274℃
≤5.0
气相结焦 b，371℃,管沉积量，mg
a 采用 GJB 563、FED-STD-791 Method 5308 和 ASTM D4636 程序 2 进行试验时，试验时间、温度以及试验金属片等均符合本表要求，冷凝管冷却水温度应设置为 18±2.5℃;
b 除测量管沉积量外，还应报告试验前后滑油的 40℃运动黏度变化率和酸值变化。
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附录 3
民用航空涡轮发动机润滑油产品质量合格证（示例）
产品名称： 产品牌号：
CTSOA 证件号： CTSO 标记：
生产单位名称： 生产地址：
产品数量： 产品批号：
生产日期： 有效期：
测试结果
酸值，mg KOH/g
沉积物≤1.0，可不做
微量金属含量， mg/L
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氧化腐蚀安定性 a， 72h，204℃
金属质量变
化 mg/cm2钢
热安定腐蚀性， 96h，274℃
GJB 1264.1
Method 3411
钢片质量变化 mg/cm2
动态结焦，375℃,沉积物质量，mg
气相结焦 b，371℃,管沉积量， mg
结论：
检验员：
审核员：
批准人：
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附录 4
无灰分散剂型民用航空活塞发动机润滑油型式检验要求
多级油
黏度等级
30
40
50
60
运动 黏度， mm2/s
a
9.3~ 12.5
12.5~ 16.3
16.3~21.9
21.9~26.1
≥95
GB/T 2541
开口闪点， ℃
≥220
≥243
闭口闪点， ℃
GB/T 261
ASTM D93
≤-24
≤-22
≤-18
ASTM D5949
ASTM D5950
ASTM D5985
硫含量，质量%
≤0.8
≤1.2
SH/T 0689
ASTM D129
ASTM D1552
ASTM D2622
ASTM D4951
低温泵送黏度，mPa•s
GB/T 9171
ASTM D4684
低温动力黏度，mPa•s
GB/T 6538
ASTM D5293
高温高剪切黏度，150℃, mPa•s
2.9
3.7
SH/T 0618
ASTM D4683
ASTM D4741
ASTM D5481
酸值 b，mgKOH/g
GB/T 7304
ASTM D664
密度，15℃, g/mL
SH/T 0604
比重，60℉, °API
ASTM D1298
灰分，质量%
≤0.011
GB/T 508
ASTM D482
微量沉积物，mL/100mL(油)
≤0.005
ASTM D2273
铜片腐蚀 c，3h
GB/T 5096
ASTM D 130
起泡体积/10min后泡沫体积
≤50/0
ASTM D 892
油品相容性d
合格
ASTM D6922
- 19 -
弹性体相容性e， 72h，体积膨
胀%
丁腈橡胶，70℃
-5~10
Method 3604
氟橡胶，150℃
-5~5
氟硅橡胶，150℃
硅橡胶，121℃
0~20
≤7
储存稳定性
十四天储存试验-18℃和 5℃交替
油样无添加剂分离、沉积物以及流动不均匀等现象
SAE J1899第4.5.1条
六个月储存试验25℃、避光
油样无絮状、蜡状或云雾状不溶物等现象
单缸发动机试验
40h，135℃
连杆轴瓦的质量损失、润滑油的40℃和100℃运动黏度和酸值变化以及轴瓦内壁和活塞裙部（受力侧和非受力侧）照片
SAE J1899第3.8.1条
发动机台架试车试验
发动机磨合试验
曲轴主轴颈、连杆轴颈、主轴承和连杆轴承、活塞销、活塞环、进气和排气门阀杆等零部件无异常磨损，油湿部件上的积碳类型、结焦程度以及滑油的运动黏度、总酸值、微量金属含量无异常
SAE J1899附录B
滑油消耗测试
发动机性能校准
150h耐久性试车
a 多级油应满足 GB/T 14906 或 SAE J300 中对应级别的黏度要求；
b 采用 pH 11 终点法；
c采用GB/T 5096、ASTM D130规定的方法进行试验，但试验温度应符合本表要求；
d 标准参考油应选用在民航市场中已获批准的活塞滑油；
e 按照 SH/T 0436、FED-STD-791Method3604 规定方法进行试验，但试验温度应符合本表要求。
- 20 -
附录 5
无灰分散剂型民用航空活塞发动机润滑油质量控制检验要求
硫含量b，质量%
酸值 c，mgKOH/g
铜片腐蚀 d，3h
- 21 -
b 质量检验时，硫含量的质量百分数与性能检验结果的偏差≤±0. 15% c 采用 pH 11 终点法；
d采用GB/T 5096、ASTM D130规定的方法进行试验，但试验温度应符合本表要求。
- 22 -
附录 6
无灰分散剂型民用航空活塞发动机润滑油产品质量合格证（示例）
产品名称：
产品牌号：
CTSOA证件号：
CTSO标记：
生产单位名称：
生产地址：
产品数量：
产品批号：
生产日期：
有效期：
运动黏度， mm2/s
ASTM
D2270
D5949
D5950
D5985
硫含量b，质量%
D1552
D2622
D4951
D5185
D5293
D4052
D1298
微量 沉积 物， mL/100mL(油)
D2273
- 23 -
铜片 腐蚀 d, 3h
通气 5min 后,起泡体积
/10min 后泡沫体积
- 24 -
Number: CTSO-2C704
Date of approval: May 27, 2022
Approval by: Yang Zhenmei
China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order
This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is issued according to Part 37 of the China Civil Aviation Regulations (CCAR-37). Each CTSO is a criterion which the concerned aeronautical materials, parts or appliances used on civil aircraft must comply with when it is presented for airworthiness certification.
Civil Aviation Engine Lubricating Oil
1. Purpose
This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is for manufacturers applying for civil aviation engine lubricating oil CTSO authorization (CTSOA). This CTSO prescribes the minimum performance standards that civil aviation engine lubricating oil must first meet for approval and identification with the applicable CTSO marking.
2. Applicability
This CTSO is applicable for new applications since CTSO goes into effect. Major design changes to the civil aviation engine lubricating oil (hereinafter referred to as aviation lubricating oil) approved under this CTSO shall require a new authorization in accordance with CCAR-21.
Aviation lubricating oil includes civil aviation turbine engine lubricating oils (hereinafter referred to as turbine lubricating oil) and civil aviation piston engine oils containing ashless dispersant additives
(hereinafter referred to as piston lubricating oil).
3. Requirements
3.1 Turbine lubricating oil
a. Composition
Turbine lubricating oil shall be based on polyol ester base-stock chemistry, the viscosity grade shall be 5 centistoke. Organic compounds containing barium and titanium are prohibited. If a tricresyl phosphate (TCP) additive is used, the TCP additive shall contain less than 0.20% by weight in total of mono, di and tri-ortho cresyl isomers of TCP.
All chemical ingredients contained in piston lubricating oil marked by this CTSO must comply with all environmental, toxicological and safety requirements of national laws and regulations. Safety data sheet for chemical products or other appropriate documents shall be established.
b. Performance
(1) Type tests
Type tests include physical, chemical, stability, deposition, tribological properties tests as well as other additional tests shall be conducted according to the requirements of this CTSO, the test results shall meet the requirements of Annex 1.
(i) Physical properties: viscosity (-40°C, 40°C and 100°C), viscosity stability, pour point, open cup flash point, evaporation, foaming tendency and shear stability.
(ii) Chemical properties: total acid number, sediment/ash, oil compatibility, elastomer compatibility and trace metals.
(iii) Stability properties: oxidation and corrosion stability(175°C, 204°C, 218°C), thermal stability and corrosivity.
(iv) Deposition properties: dynamic coking, high temperature bearing deposition, vapor phase coking.
(v) Tribological properties: high speed gear load carrying capability.
(vi) Additional tests: acid assay, viscosity-temperature curve (-55°C, -20°C, 0°C, 70°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C), viscosity index, pressure- viscosity coefficient, density-temperature curve (-55°C, -20°C, 0°C, 15°C, 40°C, 70°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C), heat capacity-temperature curve (-55°C, -20°C, 0°C, 15°C, 40°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C), thermal conductivity-temperature curve (40°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C), electrical conductivity, hydrolytic stability, oxidative stability, elastomer compatibility (1800h), high temperature tube deposition, ALTE mild wear, ALTE severe wear, thermal aging (150°C, 180°C and 225°C), particulate generation, WAM load carrying capability and elastomer compatibility (days to failure).
(2) Quality control tests
The quality control tests shall be conducted on each batch of turbine lubricating oil after type tests accomplished, including viscosity (-40°C and 40°C), pour point, open cup flash point, foaming tendency, total acid
number, sediment/ash, trace metals, oxidation and corrosion stability(204°C), thermal stability and corrosivity, dynamic coking, vapor phase coking. The test results shall meet the requirements of Annex 2.
c. Testing laboratory
All tests shall be conducted in testing laboratories approved by CAAC or under the supervision ofCAAC.
d. Deviations
For using alternate or equivalent means of compliance to the criteria in this CTSO, the applicant must show that the product maintains an equivalent level of safety. The applicant must apply for a deviation under the provision of section 21.368(一) in CCAR-21.
3.2 Piston lubricating oil
All chemical ingredients contained in piston lubricating oil marked by this CTSO must comply with all environmental, toxicological and safety requirements of national laws and regulations. Safety data sheet for chemical products or other appropriate documents shall be established.
Type tests include physical and chemical, storage stability, single cylinder and full-size engine test shall be conducted according to the
requirements of this CTSO. The test results shall meet the requirements
of Annex 3.
(i) Physical and chemical properties: viscosity (40°C and 100°C), viscosity index, open cup flash point, closed cup flash point, pour point, sulfur, low temperature pumping viscosity, low temperature cold crank simulator viscosity, high temperature high shear viscosity, acid number, density, specific gravity, ash content, trace sediment, copper strip corrosion, foaming tendency, oil compatibility, elastomer compatibility and trace metal content.
(ii) Storage stability: Fourteen-day storage test shall store the piston lubricating oil at 5±1°C and -18±1°C by daily transferring from one cold box to another for fourteen days and then checked for additive separation, deposits and unevenness in fluid texture. Six-month storage test shall store the piston lubricating oil away from light at 25±3°C for six months and then checked for flocculent, waxy or cloudy insolubles.
(iii) Single-cylinder engine test shall be conducted at least 40 hours in accordance with 3.8.1 of SAE J1899. A comparison of connecting rod bearing halves mass, viscosity and acid number, bearing halves and piston skirts (thrust and non-thrust) sides photos shall be reported.
(iv) Full-size engine test shall be conducted in accordance with SAE J1899 appendix B, including engine break in run, oil consumption run, pretest calibration run, 150-hour endurance test, post-test calibration run, sample analysis, engine disassembly and inspection. And the wear of
crankshaft main journal, connecting rod journal, crankshaft main bearing, connecting rod bearing, piston pin, piston ring, intake and exhaust valve stem and other critical engine parts, carbonaceous deposits and coking degree on the oil wetted parts, changes of viscosity, total acid number and trace metal content of the oil shall be reported.
The quality control tests shall be conducted on each batch of piston lubricating oil after type tests accomplished, including viscosity (40°C and 100°C), viscosity index, open cup flash point, pour point, sulfur, low temperature cold crank simulator viscosity, acid number, density, specific gravity, ash content, trace sediment, copper strip corrosion, foaming tendency and trace metal content. The test results shall meet the requirements of Annex 4.
For using alternative or equivalent means of compliance to the minimum performance standards requirement in this CTSO, the applicant must show that the product maintains an equivalent level of safety. Apply for a deviation under the provision of 21.368(一) in CCAR-21R4.
4. Marking
a. The certificate of analysis and other applicable documents of aviation lubricating oil shall mark at least the following information.
(1) Brand and grade;
(2) CTSO and CTSOA number;
(3) Manufacturer designation and address;
(4) Manufacture date, quantity, batch number and expiry date;
b. Annex 3 and Annex 6 are examples of the certificate of analysis for turbine and piston lubricating oil respectively.
5. Documents requirements
The applicant shall submit the responsible documents as follows:
a. Documents for CTSOA application according to CCAR-21;
b. Description of feedstock;
c. Description of manufacturing process;
d. Safety data sheet for chemical products (SDS);
e. Other documents required by CAAC.
6. Application Note
After CTSOA authorization, the applicant shall obtain aircraft installation approval. If product standards have already listed in the type certificate data sheets (TCDS), supplemental type certificate (STC) or other design approval documents, the aviation lubricating oil is not essential for installation approval.
7. Referenced documents
a. GB standards are available from:
Standard Press of China, No.16, North Sanlihe Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing. Tel: 010-68523946.
b. SH standards are available from:
China Petrochemical Press Co., Ltd., No. 58, Andingmenwai Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. Tel: 010-84271850.
c. ASTM standards are available from:
ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959.
d. DEF STAN standards are available from:
Defence Procurement Agency, An Executive Agency of The
Ministry of Defence. UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street.
e. SAE standards are available from:
Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, WARRENDALE, PA 15096-001, USA.
Annex 1
Civil Aviation Turbine Engine Lubricating Oils Type Test Requirements
Property
Limits
Test Method
SPC
HPC
Physical Properties
Viscosity, mm2/s
Viscosity Stability，72h，-40℃, change%
Pour Point，℃
Open Cup Flash Point，℃
Evaporation，6.5h，204℃, wt change%
Foaming Tendency Aerated 5min，
Vol. after 1min
Shear Stability a，40℃, viscosity change%
Chemical Properties
Total Acid Number，mg KOH/g
Sediment/Ash，mg/L
Sediment
Sediment≤10
Ash
Ash≤1
Sediment≤1.0
ash content shall be waived
Dissolved Water
No dissolved water
Oil Compatibility b, c
Sediment, mg/L
Method3403
Turbidity
None
Elastomer
Compatibility， 72h，swell%
Fluorocarbon,
Compatibility,
24/120h, wt %
Fluorocarbon， 200℃
LCS Fluorocarbon, 200℃
Nitrile, 130℃
Silicone, 175℃
Perfluoroelastomer 200℃
Trace Metals, mg/L
Al
Fe
Cr
Ag
Cu
Sn
Mg
Ni
Ti
Si
Pb
Mo
Zn
Stability Properties
Oxidation and
Corrosion Stabilityd 72h, 175℃
Viscosity
Change, %
ASTM D4636 proc 2
TAN Change
mgKOH/g
mg/100mL
Metal Wt. Change
mg/cm2
Steel
Silver
Aluminum
Magnesium
Copper
Corrosion Stabilityd 72h, 204℃
Corrosion Stabilityd 72h, 218℃
Metal Wt. Change mg/cm2
Titanium(2 pieces)
Thermal Stability and Corrosivity
96h, 274℃
Deposition Properties
Dynamic Coking, 375℃, Deposit, mg
GJB 1263AAnnex C SAE ARP5996
High Temperature Bearing Deposit e
Deposit Rating
Method 3410
or Alternative Method
Filter Deposits, g
Oil Consumption， mL
40℃ Viscosity %
TAN, mgKOH/g
Vapor Phase Cokingf, 371 ℃ , Tube Deposit, mg
Report
GJB 1263A Annex D SAE ARP5921
Tribological Properties
High Speed Gear Load Carrying Capabilityg, 74℃
Comparative analysis with similar commercial oils
Additional Tests
Acid Assay, mole%
Viscosity-
Temperature Curve
Viscosity Index
RoomTemp.~175℃
Pressure-Viscosity Coefficient
Density-
Temperature Curve, kg/m3
Heat Capacity-
J/kg.℃
Thermal
Conductivity-
Temperature Curve, W/m.K
Electrical
Conductivity, μS/cm
Hydrolytic Stability
Oxidative Stability
Temperature
Parameters, 192h
E Temp. ℃
A Temp.℃
V Temp.℃
B Temp.℃
Z Temp.℃
Effective Life, 200℃
Volat. Loss, h
Acidity loss, h
Viscosity loss, h
Insolu. Increase. ,h
Effective Life, 250℃
Compatibilityh 1800h, swell %
No
shrinkage
High Temperature Tube Deposition, 15h, 163℃
Tube Deposit, mg
Tube Deposit Rating
Change%
TAN Increase, mg KOH/g
Filter Deposits, mg
ALTE Mild Wear, 20kg Ball load, mm
ALTE Severe Wear, Ball load, 1.5mm WSD, kg
Thermal Agingi
Anti-Oxidant
Content, %
Density Change, %
40℃ Viscosity Change, %
100℃ Viscosity Change, %
Acidity Change, mgKOH/g
Flash Point
Change, ℃
Thermal Aging, 72h, 225℃
Acidity Change mgKOH/g
Change, ℃
Particulate Generation (862kPa, 329.5℃, 18h), mg
WAM Load Carrying Capability, Load Stage
Fluorocarbon
Embrittlement, Days to Failure
LCS Fluorocarbon 200℃
Def Stan 05-50(Part 61) Method 22
Other Requirements
Note：
a When test according to NB/SH/T 0505 and ASTM D2603, shall calibrate the instrument to achieve 11.5% ± 0.5% viscosity loss to a 30 mL sample of ASTM Reference Fluid A when irradiated for 5
minutes. Using the same power setting, irradiate a 30 mL sample of the turbine lubricant for 30 minutes;
b When test according to GJB 562 and FED-STD-791 Method 3403, upon completion of the 168 hour oven period, the test flasks shall be stored in the dark at room temperature 24 °C ± 5 °C (75 °F ± 10 °F) for 21 days before visual inspection for turbidity;
c The reference oil shall be selected among the oils already be approved to use in civil aviation markets;
d When test according to GJB 563, FED-STD-791 Method 5308 and ASTM D4636 proc 2, the test time, temperature and test metal square shall conform to the requirements of this table, and the condenser water temperature shall be maintained at 18°C ± 2.5°C;
e Test duration is 100 hours for SPC oils and 200 hours for HPC oils;
f Except for tube deposit determination, the 40°C viscosity change% and TAN change between before and after test shall be also reported;
h The term, “no shrinkage”, shall be taken as meaning no reduction in the % swell of the test pieces as the test progresses;
i Tests are terminated at 504 hours for SPC oils and 672 hours for HPC oils and each of the degradation parameters determined. Each of the degradation parameters shall also be determined and reported after test durations of 168 and 336 hours for a 504 hour test, and 168, 336, and 504 hours for a 672 hour test by sub-sampling during the test from the reaction vessel in accordance with the method.
Annex 2
Civil Aviation Turbine Engine Lubricating Oils Quality Control Test Requirements
Pour Point, ℃
Open Cup Flash Point, ℃
Evaporation, 6.5h, 204℃, wt change%
Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g
Sediment/Ash, mg/L
Corrosion Stabilitya 72h, 204℃
Vapor Phase Cokingb,
371℃, Tube Deposit, mg
a When test according to GJB 563, FED-STD-791 Method 5308 and ASTM D4636 proc 2, the test time, temperature and test metal square shall conform to the requirements of this table, and the
condenser water temperature shall be maintained at 18°C ± 2.5°C;
b. Except for tube deposit determination, the 40°C viscosity change% and TAN change between before and after test shall be also reported.
Annex 3
Civil Aviation Turbine Engine Lubricating Oil Certificate of Analysis
(Example)
Brand:
CTOSA number:
Manufacturer designation:
Product quantity:
Manufacture date:
Grade:
CTSO: CTSO-2C704
Manufacturer address:
Batch number:
Expiry date:
Results
Foaming Tendency Aerated 5min,
ash content shall be
waived
FED-STD-791, Method 5308
GJB 1263A Annex
C
SAE ARP5996
D
SAE ARP5921
Conclusion:
Tested by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Annex 4
Civil Aviation Piston Engine Oils Containing Ashless Dispersant Additives Type Test Requirements
Multigrade
Oil
Viscosity Grade
Open Cup Flash Point, ℃
Closed Cup Flash Point, ℃
Pour Point, ℃
Sulfur, wt%
Low Temperature Pumping Viscosity, mPa•s
Low Temperature Cold Crank Simulator Viscosity, mPa•s
High Temperature High Shear Viscosity, 150℃, mPa•s
Acid Number b, mgKOH/g
Density, 15℃, g/mL
Specific Gravity, 60℉, °API
Ash Content, wt%
Trace Sediment, mL/100mL
Copper Strip
Corrosion c, 3h
Vol. after 10min, mL
Oil Compatibilityd
pass
Compatibilitye,72h, swell%
Nitrile , 70℃
FED-STD-
791, Method
3604
Fluoroelastomer
Fluorosilicone
Silicone 121℃
Trace Metal
Content, mg/L
Storage Stability
Fourteen-day
storage test
-18℃ and 5℃
No additive separation, deposits and flow unevenness
Six-month
25℃, away
from light
No flocculent, waxy or cloudy insolubles
Single-Cylinder Engine Test
40h, 135℃
Mass loss of connecting rod bearing halves, viscosity (40℃ and 100℃) and acid number change before and after the test, photos of bearing halves and piston skirts (thrust and non-thrust) sides
Full Size Engine Test
Engine break in
No abnormal wear of crankshaft main journal, connecting rod
journal, crankshaft main bearing, connecting rod bearing, piston
pin, piston ring, intake and exhaust valve stem and other critical
engine parts, and no abnormal phenomenon of carbonaceous
deposits and coking degree on the oil wetted parts, and changes of viscosity, TAN and trace metal content of the oil.
consumption
Pretest
calibration
150-hour
endurance test
post-test
calibration run
Note:
a Oil shall meet the viscosity requirements of GB/T 14906 or SAE J 300 for the designated grade；
b Titrate to a pH 11 end point；
c Test temperature shall satisfy the requirements of this table when use GB/T 5096 or ASTM D130；
d The reference oil shall be selected among the oils already be approved to use in civil aviation markets;
e Test procedures shall be conducted according to SH/T 0436, FED-STD-791 Method3604, and the test temperature shall conform to the requirements of this table.
Annex 5
Civil Aviation Piston Engine Oils Containing Ashless Dispersant Additives Quality Control Test Requirements
Test
Method
a Oil shall meet the viscosity requirements of GB/T 14906 or SAE J 300 for the designated grade; b The sulfur content shall be within ±0. 15% mass of the qualification value;
c Titrate to a pH 11 end point;
d Test temperature shall satisfy the requirements of this table when use GB/T 5096 orASTM D130.
Annex 6
Civil Aviation Piston Engine Oils Containing Ashless Dispersant Additives Certificate of Analysis (Example)
Multigrade oil
(The English version is for reference only. In case ofany discrepancy or ambiguity of meaning between this English translation and the Chinese version, the latter shall prevail.)
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